Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that affects the throat and upper airways. It produces a toxin that can damage tissues and lead to severe complications if left untreated. Understanding the signs and symptoms of diphtheria, as well as what causes it, is crucial for early detection and prevention.

⚠ Important: If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of diphtheria, seek medical attention immediately. This article provides information but is not a substitute for professional medical advice.

Signs and Symptoms of Diphtheria

The signs and symptoms of diphtheria usually develop within two to five days after infection. Symptoms can vary in severity, but the most common ones include:

Early Symptoms

• Sore throat and hoarseness
• Swollen glands (lymph nodes) in the neck
• Mild fever and chills
• General weakness or fatigue

Advanced Symptoms

• A thick, grayish coating (pseudomembrane) on the throat and tonsils
• Difficulty swallowing or breathing
• Rapid heart rate
• Nasal discharge (sometimes bloody)
• Bluish skin (cyanosis) in severe cases

⚠ Caution: If you notice any difficulty in breathing, a grayish coating in the throat, or extreme fatigue, seek emergency medical care immediately. Diphtheria can become life-threatening if not treated promptly.

What Causes Diphtheria?

Diphtheria is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which spreads through:

• Respiratory droplets – When an infected person coughs or sneezes.
• Direct contact – Touching contaminated surfaces or objects.
• Skin infections – In rare cases, diphtheria can affect the skin, causing ulcers or sores.

The infection spreads easily in crowded places or where vaccination rates are low.

Prevention and Treatment

The best way to prevent diphtheria is through vaccination (the DTaP or Tdap vaccine). If someone contracts diphtheria, treatment typically includes:

• Antitoxin to neutralize the bacterial toxin.
• Antibiotics like penicillin or erythromycin to eliminate the infection.
• Supportive care such as oxygen therapy for breathing difficulties.

⚠ Remember: Diphtheria is a medical emergency. Do not rely solely on online information—consult a doctor immediately if symptoms appear.

Final Thoughts

Recognizing the symptoms of diphtheria and understanding what causes it can help in early diagnosis and treatment. Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent this life-threatening infection.

If you suspect diphtheria or experience severe throat pain and breathing difficulty, seek medical help immediately. Early treatment can save lives.